Region
6: Western Visayas ••• Iloilo
Miagao
Santo
Tomás de Villanueva Parish
In
1993, Miagao church was included in UNESCO's
World Heritage List
under the title "Baroque churches of the Philippines."
The town was a visita of Oton until 1580, then annexed
to Tigbauan until 1592, to San Joaquin until 1703, Guimbal until
1731 when it was raised to an independent parish. However, it
was only 1734 that Miagao had a resident priest, Fr. Fernando
Camporredondo. The original town site was by the sea in a place
called Ubos (Hiligaynon for lower place). A church and other structures
were built around 1734 but in 1741 the church was burnt during
a slave raid. Fr. Camporredendo who ministered in Miagao from
1734-37, 44-50 built a second church during his second term. This
lasted a handful of years because in 1754, the town was looted
and burnt during another raid. Because of its vulnerability to
raids, the Augustinians transferred the town up a hill called
Tacas. There Fr. Francisco Mayo began building the present church
in the year 1786. The structure was completed in 1797. Stones
were quarried from San Joaquin and Igbaras. Fr. Francisco Perez
added a story to the left tower in 1839. In 1864, Fr. Agustín
Escudero restored the church. In 1880 Fr. José Sacristán
decorated the interior. Early in the 20th century,
the church was burnt during the Philippine American war and used
as headquarters and barracks during World War II. The interior
of the church was greatly damaged. In 1948, 1959, and in the 1970
the church was restored. Restoration is an ongoing concern as
the soft yellow sandstone used in the church erodes easily.
Heritage
Features: The
flanking towers, massive, and of unequal height gives Miagao
the shape of a fortress. However, the finely carved tassels, dangling
like fringes from the second and third stories soften the military
appearance of the construction. It is the ornamentation of the
church that gives it distinction, this is especially true of the
façade which designed like a retablo. Above the
portal is a niche containing the patronal saint, Santo Tomás.
From the niche runs horizontally a band of dentils and rosettes
supporting a blind balustrade. The niche is linked to the first
story by engaged columns supporting a plinth. These columns which
flank the main arch portal are linked to two other columns by
downward curved lines. Between the pair of columns are niches
with saints. Rococo embellishments ornament the portal and the
sides of the outer columns. The pediment is an altogether independent
composition. The giant San Cristobal, who ferried people across
the river is shown with the Christ child resting on his shoulder.
The giant, dressed in breeches, supports himself with a coconut
tree, rather than a staff as is traditional. Tropical plants like
the papaya and others in vases are arranged in a symmetrical composition
around the central figure. The pediment is pierced by oval windows
seemingly out of place in the busy composition. All told the façade
is a mixture of decorative styles--Classical, Baroque, Rococo--all
linked by tropical fantasy in a design uniquely Philippine. For
this synthesis and reinterpretation of foreign influences, Miagao
church is called a World
Heritage Site.
Miagao
has a 19th century cemetery worth visiting. A watchtower
is found along the shore.